International Multimodal Transport

International Multimodal Transport-What is the international multimodal transport?

International multimodal transport is in accordance with the multimodal transport contract, to at least two different modes of transport, the goods by the multimodal transport operator to take over from a country where the goods shipped to another location within the specified delivery of the goods of a mode of transport.

Multimodal transport operator (Combined Transport Operator-CTO), refers to his own or through their representatives entered into a multimodal transport contract to any person. His obligation to carry out multimodal transport contract.

International multimodal transport and international transport of goods is generally the difference:
By a few international multimodal transport operator to bear all transportation. Often the owner is to accept the commission, the transport operators as part of their own transportation for work, while the remaining paragraphs of Transportation commissioned the work to other carriers. But this is different from a single mode of transport, multimodal transport operator is responsible for those receiving care to switch carriers, but the relationship in accordance with the contract of carriage operator is responsible for transport, and the owner does not have any business relationship. Therefore, the multimodal transport operator can be the actual carrier, but also "NVOCC" (Non-Vessel Operating Carrier, referred to as the NVOC). International multimodal transport of goods with the general international main differences are the following:
(1) the contents of shipping documents and production in different ways.
Most of the international multimodal transport as "door to door" transport, so the goods in the shipment or after loading or installed by the actual carrier shall also issue bills of lading or waybill, multimodal transport bill of lading issued by the multimodal transport operator, which is multi-modal intermodal and international freight of any single fundamental difference method. In this case, the ocean bill of lading or waybill on the shipper should be multimodal transport operator, consignee and notify party should normally be for the multimodal transport operator or agent of foreign branches; multimodal transport bill of lading consignee and consignor are real, actual shipper and consignee, notify party is the final port of destination or place of delivery, the consignee or the agent of the consignee.
In addition to the multimodal transport bill of lading specified port of loading, port of discharge, but also out of receipt, delivery or final destination of the name and the name of the first leg of transport, cruises or trips, etc.
(2) the applicability of multimodal transport bill of lading negotiable bill of lading of different sexual and general.
Generally only applies to shipping bill of lading from the intermodal bill of lading in this sense only in the combination of shipping and other modes of transport when applied, but now it also applies in addition to shipping other than two or more different modes of transport coherent cross-border transport (foreign adoption "International multimodal transport document" conceptual confusion can be avoided).
Multimodal transport bill of lading bill of lading to the transferability of the transport with other transport modes into one single non-transferable, so the multimodal transport operator, the shipper's requirements can also be issued to transfer the multi-issue non-transferable intermodal bill of lading. In the case of the former, the consignee column should indicate the rise; the latter case, the consignee, the consignee should be specified column name, and the bill of lading is not transferable.
(3) letters of credit on different terms.
According to the needs of multimodal transport, letters of credit on the terms of the following three points should change:
① to the bank for negotiation of shipping companies can not use the clean bill of lading issued on board, but should be issued by the multimodal transport operator with multimodal bill of lading, the bill of lading should also indicate how the rise of production in order to identify whether the transfer.
② intermodal container transport commonly used (except in exceptional circumstances, such as in foreign engineering machinery and equipment shipped under the contract is not using a container), therefore, should be specified in the letter of credit to increase the use of container transport terms.
③ If one could not help banks turn, replaced by the shipper or consignor, or sent directly to a single multimodal transport operator, consignee or agent as soon as possible in order to obtain the shipping documents to expedite the port of destination (to) the speed of delivery, the should be added in the letter of credit "shipping documents by the consignor or consignee of the multimodal transport operator or its agent sent straight" terms. Such as sending a single by the multimodal transport operator, shippers negotiate settlement of the need for multimodal transport operator shall be issued a "receipt of shipping documents and have been sent" proof.
(4) Customs clearance procedures are different.
General international transport of goods in the port of loading most of the place of delivery, destination, mostly in the port of discharge, and thus to handle customs and clearance procedures are in port of entry and exit of goods. The departure of international multimodal transport of goods, mostly in inland cities, so the only inland customs supervision of goods for transit formalities, conducted by the exit to the customs clearance inspection. The final destination of imported goods such as inner cities, the customs port of entry without inspection is generally only for transit monitoring procedures until the goods reach their final destination by the local customs checkpoints.

International multimodal transport characteristics:

1, the international multimodal transport under the multimodal transport contract. International multimodal transport multimodal transport operator and the contract is entered into by the consignor, in line with the conditions of multimodal transport contract. The contract is based on multimodal transport operator certificate issued by the multimodal transport document, paid, type of contract and not contract.

2, the international multimodal transport of goods, mainly container cargo or containerized cargo. Generally during transport container as the basic unit of transport. Cargo containers of promoting the development of international multimodal transport, container transport and modern since they arise from closely linked with the multimodal transport, making the international intermodal container transport with high efficiency, high-quality, high technology, high put and systemic features.

3, the international multimodal transport in the whole at least two or more different modes of transport international cargo transportation.

4, international multimodal transport is one vote in the end, full implementation of a single rate of transport. Checked only for a shipper, a freight be paid once the insurance, by a transport document, can be achieved from departure to destination throughout the coherent transport. Therefore, it has a simple and unified features.

5, the international multimodal transport is an umbrella organization of different modes of transport. During transport, whether it relates to the modes of transport, the number is divided into sections, international multimodal transport is done by the multimodal transport operator or organization to complete the international multimodal transport operator to be responsible for the entire transport. Take over from the shipment of goods, delivery of the goods at the final destination and the entire transport in the interface between each section of work and related services, by the international multimodal transport operators in different countries or regions of the branch or agent to complete.

6, the international multimodal transport operator, freight transport by road, the choice of mode of transport, the transport section of the division and the actual carrier of choice of each segment to reduce transportation costs, improve transport speed, to achieve reasonable transportation purposes.

International multimodal transport should have the conditions:

(1) between the multimodal transport operator and the shipper must sign a multimodal transport contract to clear commitments to shore up the rights, obligations and immunities of the relationship. Multimodal transport contract is to determine the nature of the fundamental basis, the difference is a major intermodal transport and the general basis.



(2) must be used throughout the multimodal transport document (MultimodalTransportDocuments, M.T.D ·, China is now using C.T.B / L). This document is a document of title, but also securities.
(3) must be full single tariff. The freight charge once, including transportation costs (the sum of each segment of transport fees), management fees and a reasonable profit.
(4) must be a multimodal transport operator overall responsibility for the entire transport. He signed a multimodal transport contract with the shipper of the parties, but also multimodal transport bill of lading or multimodal transport document is issued, he accepted the goods until delivery commitment from the entire transport of goods only responsibility.
(5) must be two or more different modes of coherent transport. Such as sea / sea, iron / iron, air / air transport, although the two-way transport, but still part of multimodal transport, intermodal and multimodal transport is generally an important difference. Meanwhile, in a single mode of transport under the multimodal transport does not belong to short car shuttle.
(6) must be a cross-border international transport of goods. This is the difference between the domestic transport and international transport restrictions.

International multimodal transport program
1, accept the shipment application, concludes a multimodal transport contract
Multimodal transport operator checked according to the owner's application and its transportation routes, etc., the decision whether to accept the application for shipment, the consignor or his agent under way both on the transfer of goods, time, location, payment method and reached agreement and fill out the receipt station, and sent to the multimodal transport operator for its numbers, multimodal transport operator number consignment of goods left together, the other joint returned to the consignor or his agent.
2, the release of empty containers, extraction and transportation
Intermodal containers used by the multimodal transport operator to provide general these containers may be the source of three cases: one is the use of multimodal transport operators purchase their own container, the second is leased to the container by container companies, third, transport by the whole people of a partial shipments, if the agreement on their own packing by the shipper, the multimodal transport operator shall issue a single suitcase or leasing company or sub-operation were issued to the consignor or single suitcase its agent, by the date they are provided to the designated yard will be empty suitcase and hauling their own goods to the packing site, ready loaded.
3, the export declaration
If the multimodal transport from the port started, just in the port declaration; if starting from the inland areas, should be in the vicinity of inland customs export declaration for customs matters normally handled by the consignor or his agent, multimodal transport operators can also be commissioned apply on his behalf, customs station should be provided a receipt, packing list, export licenses and other relevant documents and files.
4, cargo packing and receiving of goods
Packing themselves if the consignor, the consignor or his agent after the extraction of phase space in their factory and warehouse organizations packing, packing work generally after the declaration, please Customs sent to the packing and supervise the installation location and for sealed matters for cargo handling, cargo handling personnel should be invited to the scene with co-production tally and packing list.
For self-packing by the owner of FCL cargo, the shipper shall be responsible for the goods to the place stipulated by the agreement, multimodal transport operator or his representative at the designated locations to receive the goods, if it is LCL, from multi-modal transport operators in the freight station designated to receive the goods, acceptance of goods, multimodal transport operator to receive goods on behalf of people who should be present on the original receipt signature station and deliver to the consignor or his agent.
5, booking and arranging the transportation of goods
Multimodal transport operator, after the conclusion of the contract, the contract should be immediately involved in the development of the container cargo transport plan, the plan should include a cargo transport routes, divided into sections, each section to determine the actual carrier of choice and location of the interval of convergence arrival, departure time, and so on.
Booking mentioned here refers to multimodal transport operator to arrange contact in accordance with transport plans set each section of transport, with the actual carrier of the selected set of sub-district transportation segment contracts, these contracts entered into by the multi-modal transport operators to handle himself or entrust an agent, may also request the previous section, the actual carrier as the carrier back a section of the actual booking.
Cargo transport planning arrangements must be scientific and leave room for the work should be linked, according to the actual situation adjustment programs, to avoid each other out of touch.
6, for the insurance
The consignor, should the insured cargo insurance, the insurance for themselves by the consignor, or shipper's expense and on behalf of the multimodal transport operator handled the whole cargo insurance can be insured, but also for sub- insurance segment, the multimodal transport operator, should the insured cargo and container insurance, liability insurance, by the multimodal transport operator or their agents to insurance companies or other forms of processing.
7, the issue of multimodal transport bill of lading, organize and complete the entire transport of goods
Multimodal transport operator's representative received the goods, multimodal transport operator shall multimodal transport bill of lading issued by the consignor, in the bill of lading to the shipper, you should pay attention to the way agreed by both parties and the content, quantity charged to the shipper to meet all costs.
Multimodal transport operator has completed the entire transport and organization of complete responsibility and obligation, receiving goods, the actual carrier to organize each section, the agency co-ordination and co-representative, complete a full course in each section of each section of the transport the interface between work and make the transport process involved in a variety of service jobs and transport documents, documents and related information such as organization and coordination.
8, the customs transit
By convention, the whole international multimodal transport shall be deemed to international transport of goods, therefore, the part of the work including cargo and container importing countries, customs procedures, import of domestic land transportation segment bonded and customs clearance procedures, etc., if the land transport other countries through customs and inland transportation routes, you should also include these customs clearance and bonded transport procedures.
If the purpose of the port in the delivery of the goods, the customs clearance at the port where customs should be carried out if the land, including delivery, should be bonded in the port for transport procedures, only after the customs seal to inland destinations, and then go through customs clearance in the inland procedures.
9, cargo cover
When the goods to their destination, notify the consignee by the destination agent delivery, the consignee multimodal delivery is regulated by the multimodal transport operator or his agent contract basis having to collect all fees payable by the consignee, back bill of lading bill of lading, bills of lading to the designated delivery person with yard and location of the goods.
If FCL delivery, the consignee is responsible for transportation to the dig site boxes and cargo containers shipped back out after the specified yard, this time, terminate the contract of carriage.
10, cargo handling accidents
If the entire transport of goods occurs loss, damage and shipping delays, the damage occurred regardless of whether the section, send (receive) the goods to the multimodal transport operator who can claim the multimodal transport operator and the two sides under the bill of lading agreement to determine the liability and compensation, if they can determine the actual accident and the responsibility of the section, could further their claims if they can not determine the accident section, the general treatment by the occurrence in the maritime section, if liability insurance of goods and , then there exists requiring the company to further compensation and recourse to the insurance company issues, and if the damage can not be reached between the responsible person, you need to sue within the statute of limitations and arbitration to resolve.