International Freight Shipping-About International Freight Shipping:
What is the international maritime freight forwarding?
International maritime freight forwarding refers to the legal owner within the mandate of the commission to accept and handle the shipping of goods on behalf of the owner's declaration, transfer, storage, transfer, inspection, packaging, packing, transport, booking and other business people. Ocean Freight is an international freight forwarding in the category.
Overview of international maritime freight forwarding:
Ocean freight forwarding, with the formation of maritime trade, international trade and transport fields gradually expanded, more and more detailed division of labor developed. Wide range of maritime cargo transport operations, clues and more, making any carrier (shipping company) or the owner are very difficult to personally handle every aspect of transport operations in the specific business, an agent on behalf of a lot of work to go through. Although the cost of some remuneration, but the agency providing the service can be compensated.
Engaged in international maritime freight forwarding business people are operating transport business for many years, proficient, more experienced, familiar with a variety of transportation programs, procedures and regulations of the people. They and the transport sector and trade, banking, insurance, customs, commodity inspection departments have extensive contacts and close relations, which have favorable conditions for the principal agent of transport matters, even more than the client personally to handle the more favorable . Ocean freight forwarders also the small ticket goods from different consignors together to where booking liner companies to gain preferential tariffs. Container transport can be the same loading, unloading port different shipper assembled a small ticket goods, enjoy package box rates. In fact not only the owner is willing to entrust to the freight forwarding and shipping companies are willing to pay commission to the shipping agent in order to ensure a stable supply.
On the role of freight forwarders, International Freight Forwarders Association is described this way: "a lot of expertise in freight forwarding, so it can use the safest, fastest and most economical way to organize the goods; freight forwarders in the world trade center established a customer networks and their affiliates, so that it can control the entire transport of goods; freight forwarding industry and trade company is a consultant, it will shipping, packaging, documentation, customs clearance, consular requirements, to provide financial and other advice; freight forwarding can be foreign markets and foreign markets for the possibility of sales proposals; freight agent can focus on small quantities of goods into the group of goods, so customers can benefit from this special service; not only the organization and coordination of freight transport, but also affect the to the creation of a new mode of transport, the development of new transport routes and the development of new rates ..., 'Today, international shipping is a global freight forwarding industry, has penetrated into every corner of the field of transport, international trade and transport industry, an important and indispensable part of the international trade in highly competitive situations, it's become increasingly apparent.
International maritime freight forwarding import business:
International maritime freight forwarding business is importing and receiving goods from the contract and arrange shipping to foreign ports of loading, unloading and transportation of goods to the domestic arrangements sent as soon as the consignee of the process.
1. Import sea freight forwarding sectors
① contract and accept the owner's chartering, booking commission.
Freight forwarding services for the owner must establish the idea of close contact with the owner for the owner to solve problems, to grasp the import of cargo movements, pro-active contract and accept the import business transactions, imports of chartering, booking commission.
② versions and the list of goods.
Under normal circumstances, the owner of the imported booking contact list should be submitted 35 days before delivery to the freight forwarders in the hands, freight forwarders under the booking and promptly commissioned versions and send the list of goods loading port agent for the implementation of supply.
③ cargo stowage.
Carriage of goods in accordance with the nature, specifications and other requirements to pre-negotiated freight shippers, shipping, payment and commission agents of shipping companies booking conditions, be reasonable with the ship.
④ voyages to foreign agents made arrangements for instructions.
Cargo ship with, it should be promptly sent to the foreign agent arrangements voyage instructions, urging foreign ships at the loading port agent compression of time and the rational use of tank capacity, load capacity, notify the name of the vessel and by the domestic import company set period.
⑤ do the import documents of the custody, distribution of work.
Import documents are generally divided into two kinds of business documents and shipping documents. Responsibility to make shipping freight storage and distribution of documents, the documents must promptly send unloading port.
⑥ imports of ships to master the dynamics.
Grasp the import of ship dynamics, master schedules, to do the port work, timely, and reasonable arrangements for the import of unloading ships, as soon as the consignee of the goods handed hands is extremely important. Freight transport should be prepared to fill out the card and fill out the import of ship dynamic table to do the work. Arrangements for cargo, whether domestic or foreign liner shipping lines need to be careful by ship, voyage completed, as scheduled under the cargo. Transport card includes name, shipping schedules, with each port of the main goods categories of goods, quantity, amount of real equipment, arrived in time for departure. If you have special goods (such as deck cargo, heavy cargo of dangerous goods) must set out, in order to discharge port well in advance of pick-up arrangements.
⑦ make imported goods to Hong Kong after the handover.
After the arrival of imported goods, as a cargo agent responsible for the transfer of port work. Shall perform on-site monitoring unloading task, the better the quality of imported goods, quantity, customs, and port cargo handling personnel with the necessary vote by unloading, cargo handling, unloading is prohibited mixing, has a bill of lading and unloading of goods shall also be stacking marks, respectively. And dangerous goods on the delivery side of the boat, the speed of discharge should be based on timely and relevant parties to get in touch, good convergence work. Of large pieces of cargo, the cargo should be provided before arrival size and weight, lifting points, drawing in order to prepare to accept the goods vehicles and barges, timely local acts. Key goods, such as steel, machinery parts, rubber to hand control to avoid confusion. After completion of unloading the goods should be checked under the compartment to prevent leakage of unloading, and shall be responsible for the port customs clearance, inspection and so on. Header, it will release a single consignee Customs delivery.
⑧ import and transport.
Tongue after the declaration of goods unloading, delivery by the consignee to the pier itself, known as self-mention. Received by the freight forwarder for the goods delivered, and arrange for transfer of goods to the consignee's designated location as the import and transport. Each requester can be made directly to the freight long-term or temporary commission, signed a "domestic seaborne imports take delivery, and transport agreement."
⑨ audit bill.
Freight shippers asked to shipping off to a good, carefully examine the bill (including installation costs, overtime, litter fee, packing charges, fees, etc.) and liner shipping list and promptly pay the freight to the owner. If the contract for the sale set a fixed delay / speed terms, it is timely to provide equipment to the buyer, the fact of discharge records, or by agreement with the owner on behalf of the owner settled. Freight ship voyage preparation of their own profits and losses should be estimated, fill clear the ship's demurrage / despatch and freight payments.
2. Ocean freight forwarding import documents
Imported goods is generally divided into business documents Shipping documents documents two.
(1) Business documents
Business documents refers to both buyers and sellers for the transfer of goods and documents required for payment settlement, there are contracts, invoices, bills of lading, container orders, the weight of a single, quality guarantees and insurance policies, etc..
Freight forwarding contract is the port the goods for import customs clearance, delivery access, and transport and grasp the main basis for the claim of imported goods, when shipped to the contract as the basis. Invoice is issued by the seller to the buyer settles the amount of documents, making the port freight forwarding detailed list of imported goods and processed through customs and to the ship or the insurer claims the basis for calculating the purchase price. For complimentary products, invoices should be issued in the form (Formal Invoice). Bill of lading is issued by the ship, that they have received or have been loaded on board the goods listed in the documents. It is the property of the certificate, is evidence of the contract of carriage.
Packing list is a breakdown of a single cargo container, set out in detail above, the name of the goods, packaging and number. Weight list detailing every single weight and total weight of the goods for the domestic port of discharge to provide digital basis.
(2) Shipping documents
Shipping documents refers to the carrier in the loading port loading and unloading of imported goods required set of documents, including manifests, bills of lading, cargo stowage plan and the charter contract. Manifest is the shipping companies or shipping companies in the loading port agent prepared according to the contents of the bill of lading is the port of discharge, tally the main basis, broadly in line with its content is similar to the bill of lading. Cargo stowage plan usually diagram, known as the stowage plan. Stowage plan detailing the goods on board bill of lading for each position, it is to arrange unloading, direct delivery of local acts and side of the boat important reference information.
Charter party is the real transport protocol is signed between the shipowner and the charterer's chartering freight agreement. It will issue between the parties on the rights and obligations of a charter made it clear that the parties bear the responsibility and the exercise of rights. Imported goods to the port before unloading, freight forwarders must obtain all necessary documents. Document sources of banks, foreign shippers, loading port agents, ship unloading port agent, but also some imports brought onboard the ship.
International maritime freight forwarding - sea freight export business
Ocean freight forwarding and export business is to receive the goods from the contract start, arrange shipment of the goods, shipped to a foreign destination and the goods sent to the consignee in the process.
1, sea freight forwarding export business links
(1) canvassing
In the highly competitive freight forwarding business, most of the freight forwarding advertising, services, etc. to attract more sources of supply, it also reduces shipping or rebates under various names, and other means to fight the dark buckle supply. Large freight forwarding and shipping companies and shippers have temporary or long-term between the agency agreement, both to ensure that the interests of shipping companies, but also to ensure that goods can be transported out.
(2) booking
Generally advance to the consignor or freight shipping companies reporting plan, within the prescribed time or freight shipping companies to submit specific booking.
(3) Preparation before shipment
Under normal circumstances, according to booking commission, shipping companies within a specified period of time specified to open the ship arrived in the port specified by the load. - Before the arrival of the ship, cargo shipping agent must make the following preparations.
① Press the consignment note all bookings are made out of different ports in the bill of lading number, write the name of the vessel, and the contents of the consignment note under the booking with a compiled list of ships, and the system a clean bill of lading.
② consignment note together with the booking agent signing the bill of lading with the cross-shipping, shipping agency in a timely manner so that the list of versions and shipping, stowage plan drawn sketches.
③ freight shipment should be arriving before or ship goods before all gathered at the port to ship to Hong Kong after the timely shipment.
④ freight forwarders should be in with a full set of declarations, according to pre-shipment (including declarations and warehouse or packing list and the required official documents such as permits, inspection certificate, immunization card, etc.), to the customs declaration, the customs review and correct the rear to shipment.
⑤ arriving ships must be suitable for shipment of goods, special circumstances should apply for inspection of the ship inspection departments, and issued by the appropriate proof of shipment.
(4) Shipping
Freight shipments should be sent in the shipment on-site monitoring equipment to do work, do on-site record, master schedule, in time of accidents, in order to maintain the owner Fangli Yi, to ensure shipping quality.
(5) follow-up work after the ship leaves port
After the ship leaves port, freight forwarders should do the following remedial work.
① send the bill of lading. Freight forwarders to ship with the first mate agency in exchange for receipt clean bill of lading, and promptly sent to the shipper a bill of lading, to ensure timely settlement.
② handle shut, shorts, missing cargo. If no timely delivery of goods or declaration can not be due to missing documents, you need to apply for withdrawal of the customs. You can batch in the case of some goods have been shipped, the other part of the goods out of stock or because of damage due to other reasons could not loaded on board, known as the shorts; not in groups or in the case of container transportation, bulk cargo, or the whole cartons not loaded on board, called the missing equipment.
After the ship leaves port, freight forwarders should be shut out in time, more or less notice to the consignor for the consignor a timely manner. Need to re-shipment of goods, the consignor should be asked to re-re-submit a single booking; missing equipment should be arranged first voyage of goods to fill out.
③ keying shipment telegram. After the ship leaves port shall be sent to the consignee immediately leave telegram. Cable content including letters of credit number or contract number, gross weight, net weight, amount, name, vessel name, loading period, sail on, in order to make delivery consignee to prepare.
④ good voyage summary. Freight should be made promptly after the departure of the ship voyage summary, to prepare for your records.
2. Ocean freight forwarding export cargo documentation
Ocean freight forwarding export cargo documentation including business documents and official documents. Commercial documents mainly refers to the domestic transport documents and settlement documents; official documents refers primarily to the export licensing, inspection certificate, dangerous goods packaging identification using certificates.
1) commercial documents
Mainly refers to the consignment business documents, detailed list of export goods, export goods declaration, bill of lading, etc. If the container transport, the transport business in the export process but also using the packing slip, EIR, dock receipts.
Detailed list of export goods, also known as "analysis alone" is the delivery made under a letter of credit or contract documents, have a fixed format. Export goods declaration to Customs for export enterprises export, customs clearance certificate is an important document. Unified by the Customs declaration of export goods produced. Export companies or freight forwarders for all projects on the declaration carefully, fill out correctly, the content must match the actual goods and produce for examination of the same document, that is a single (declaration), Cargo (physical goods), card ( documents) of the three matches. Export goods declaration form, see General Administration of Customs released the "China Customs import and export goods declaration" style.
2) official documents
(1) export license
Export license is approved by the export of certain goods documentation. The export sub-units in the types of products before export to the Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce Special Commissioner's Office in Port and the provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, cities with independent planning of economic and trade offices (commissions, bureaus) to apply for export licenses. Implement license management where a range of export commodities, the export declaration must be accompanied by an export license, or will not accept their customs declaration.
(2) Inspection books
Commodity inspection book is proof of commodity inspection agencies to issue written test results. In international trade, commodity inspection certificate serves as the negotiation of payment of a document, if the test item or test to prove the results listed in the letter of credit does not comply, the bank can refuse to negotiate the purchase price, as proof of delivery quality, quantity, packaging and health conditions are in line with the contract, depending on the two sides can claim or claims of virtue as a basis. China's commodity import and export commodities inspection department issued the inspection of all known as the "inspection certificate."
