Ocean transport-What is the ocean transportation?
Maritime transport, also known as "international maritime cargo transport", the international maritime transport is the most important mode of transport logistics. Ocean transport is the use of the ship through the sea lanes in different countries and regions, transporting goods between ports in a way, the international transport of goods in the most widely used. At present, the total volume of international trade in 2 / 3 of China's total import and export freight about 90% are using maritime transport.
With China's rapid economic development, China has become the world's most important shipping major countries. There are currently 19% of global bulk shipping goods to China, 20 percent of container traffic from China; and the new bulk cargo marine transportation among the 60% to 70% is shipped to China. China's port cargo throughput and container throughput already ranked first in the world; the world's top five largest container port throughput, China accounted for 3.
The current world economic development environment has undergone great changes, the world's economic center of Asia-Pacific region has begun to shift the world economy will also be in the western Pacific coast and set off a new boom, and to further strengthen the regional economic development and transnational groups in China's port construction and development of the maritime industry to provide favorable conditions. Faced with great opportunities, the Chinese shipping industry's own lack of capacity is very prominent, the lack of large oil tankers and large oil tanker berths, so that China's oil imports Chinese round of the carrier transport rate of only 10% had to hire a large number of outer transport. Not only need to pay a lot of foreign exchange, and have lost the Chinese shipping industry and increase employment opportunities for the good.
Shipping industry is capital-intensive industries in developing countries due to lack of funds, most are forced to import and export cargo transport fleet controlled in developed countries, China also failed from this fate. With China's development and accelerate the industrialization process, the problem will become increasingly prominent. If not properly solved, will form a vicious circle.
Maritime transport characteristics:
Ocean transport is the international exchange of commodities in one of the most important mode of transport, cargo transport accounts for all international cargo transport volume ratio is around 80%, and maritime transport has the following characteristics:
1, a natural waterway
With natural waterways for maritime transport, not road, track restrictions, through stronger. With the political, economic environment and changes in natural conditions, may at any time to adjust and change the route to complete transportation task.
2, carrying large
With the international shipping industry, modern shipbuilding technology has become more sophisticated, increasingly large-scale ship. Super giant oil tankers reached 60 million tons, the fifth generation container ships container-carrying capacity of more than 5000TEU.
3, low freight
Maritime shipping routes for the natural formation of the port facilities are generally built by the government, operating shipping companies can save a lot of business for infrastructure investment. Ships carrying capacity, use a long time, transport distance away, the unit transportation costs are lower for low-value bulk goods transport provided favorable conditions.
Maritime transport also has significant shortcomings: susceptibility to natural conditions such as maritime transport and climate, sailing easy and accurate, the possibility of great distress.
Maritime transport mode of operation:
Maritime transport mode of operation the main liner and charter transport two categories. Liner, also known as periodic ship transport, charter transportation, also known as tramp shipping.
1, liner shipping
Liner means a ship on a particular route between the port and established, in accordance with predetermined schedules for regular, repeated navigation, to engage in cargo transport business and in accordance with pre-announced a rate sheet to collect freight mode of transport. Its clients are non-specific, decentralized many shippers, shipping lines have a common carrier in nature.
2, charter transportation
Charter the charterer to the owner is leasing a ship for cargo transportation means, usually for bulk cargo transportation. The routes and ports, the type of cargo and sailing time, in accordance with the requirements of the lessee, by the ship owner to confirm. The charterer and the rights and obligations between the lessor to the charter contract signed by both parties to determine.
