Investment Advisory-Investment consulting

Investment Advisory/Investment consulting-What is the investment advisory?
Investment consulting is the trust entrusted by investors, to provide advice on investment projects and programs of the consultation: The main content of investment advice: for investment projects with market research and forecasting, investment opportunities and risk analysis, feasibility research and evaluation of feasibility studies, to provide alternative investment solutions, drafting, amendments to the investment contracts, agreements, articles of incorporation and other documents; introduce the nation's investment policies and regulations.

Investment advisory - role
Like other consulting investment consulting is to provide information services industry. Information is the basis for consultation, consultation is an important way to achieve commercialization of information. Therefore, the investment advisory role is to achieve information on the construction, conversion, optimization, and coordination and so on.
1. Doubts the role of
Content is to ask advice, planning and discussion. In terms of the principals, the purpose of consultation is to gain knowledge, intelligence and information to solve their difficult problems. The construction investment advisory function is to investors through the investment advisory, investment activities to further understand the law, present and future investment activities, investment activities continue to eliminate the status and trends of uncertainty in understanding the function. Socio-economic activities and rapid development of science and technology, market demand changing, increasingly competitive, survival and development of the external environment and internal conditions are increasingly becoming multi-factor, multi-variable, multi-target complex system, so people's understanding of information and requirements necessary to strengthen. The investment industry, the construction must be by means of investment advisory function, to predict future changes in trends, reduce blindness in investment decisions, which aim to improve investment results.
2. Conversion function
Information transfer and conversion, including three types:
First, the conversion of the carrier;
Second, the content of the conversion;
Third, the information that intangible "wealth", "productivity", be converted into material wealth and production capacity.
For investment information consultation, the most important feature is the third function, that is, through the development of human intelligence resources, accumulation and transfer, better role in the process of economic activity.
3. Optimization of the role
Direct investment advisory function is to optimize investment decisions, optimize the investment management and optimization of investment services. This is also to carry out the purpose and destination of investment advice.
In the investment advisory activities to optimize the role of the main reflected in three aspects:
(1) improve the investment decision-making capacity. China's investment in the field of losses caused by policy mistakes, is well known. Abroad have the formula: × velocity = effective decision-making. Making mistakes, all bets are off. Highly developed in modern science and technology, the increasing scale of social activities, change more rapidly, affecting more and more widely in the case, simply a region, a department or a unit leader in understanding, to the investment goal to make the right decisions, the possibility is very small. Therefore, it depends on the use of specialized advisory body of experts in all aspects, technology, information and scientific methods to provide consulting services to achieve the correct decision-making purposes. Such as Shanghai, "Baosteel Yangtze River (library building) water diversion project feasibility consulting" scientific decision made, they received a significant effect. Baosteel reform cited the Yangtze River water, the amount of project investment 50 million yuan per annum operating cost savings of several million dollars, an annual saving of power consumption of 25 million degrees. Facts have proved that the investment consulting industry as an investment decision makers of scientific decision-making "brain" and "staff" status has been widely accepted.
(2) improve the quality of investment management. Investment decisions to achieve scientific and democratic, the increased investment in the quality of management is very important. The so-called investment management, including planning, design, labor, material and financial aspects of management, which involves a wide range of internal and external collaboration with many links, but also by natural conditions, resource conditions, productivity layout and material and technical conditions. A large industrial construction projects, individual projects up to dozens, hundreds, on-site construction workers gathered inside, dozens of types of work, while hundreds of cross-assembly-line construction machinery, construction services outside the national coordination unit is almost over all sectors of the economy, if left to scientific management, left the unified command, unified action, will cause a serious waste, and even confusion. As an independent investment advisory organization, to determine through research and scientific investigation to conclusion consultative approach for investment management to identify weaknesses and put forward a systematic, scientific management methods to improve the quality of management, improve the management level.
(3) improve investment returns. For a long time, China's investment expansion, low investment returns, the reasons for this situation are numerous, but in the investment field, do not attach importance to consulting business is an important reason. Large number of investment projects, such as decision-making, there is no market demand for the project, construction tasks, and the economic benefits of systematic investment in research and demonstration, on hastily; or the "feasibility study" as the investment dispute, a stepping stone on the project and "approval" means, even leading department set "tone", "green light launched", bear the investment risk investment decision-making responsibility with the phase out. Therefore, improving investment effectiveness, long-term unresolved. Now state publicly announced bank loans and medium-sized construction projects and projects without consultation and demonstration, and non-project loans. This is a fundamental decision to block the blind, racking our brains launched the road, coupled with increased investment by the quality of management consulting, investment efficiency is not high, there may be resolved soon.
4. Coordinating role
In the face of the formation and development of a wide range of investment markets, investment advisory role is another directly, through the transmission of information to organize and coordinate the financial, technical, material, labor, etc., to enhance the rate of investment and construction, improve investment cost. This will provide investment opportunities for the investors, but also for the investment needs of those looking for investment partners. This promotion, prosperity, regulation, control and management of the investment market, to control the investment scale, adjust the direction of investment, monitoring investment risk, investment transfers surplus and deficiency, and promote the improvement of investment efficiency will play an important role.

Investment Consulting - principles:
Should follow an independent investment consulting, scientific, fair and workable principles to re-credit, and efficiency, abide by the contract and dedicated service as commissioned by their own business policy.
1. The principle of independence
First, the advisory body should be independent, to the independent exercise of legal rights;
The second is to decide whether to accept an independent commission, an independent research program to develop independent thinking and dealing with the consultation process to complete the major problems encountered;
Third, the program provides counseling, advice and strategies, is the country's total line, principles and policy guidance, made independently.
Is easier to establish this principle, to obtain the desired effect completely is more difficult, requiring consultants in consultation activities, must not be behind closed doors, subjective, but some people can not meet the psychological engage in "consultation was ordered" to be full possession of material , using the collective wisdom, to make accurate judgments.
2. The principle of the feasibility
Commissioned consultants to provide advice for the program to be realistic and practical. Should not boast, sake of making criticisms, overestimate benefits and underestimate the difficulties, the study of responses to scientific and reliable, the options must be based on science, optimization, reliability, based on measures clearly can not talk about principles, not to mention the measures, and finally can not be organized and implemented.
3. The principles of fairness
For all commissioned consultants to be objective and fair, especially for consulting projects commissioned controversial, or up and down about incidental consulting projects, must be independent of position, scientific attitude, to make a fair conclusion of the consultation, in order to maintain consultation institutions of social prestige.
4. Scientific principles
Is in the consultation process, the use of scientific methods of research, forecasting and analysis; consultants working attitude to be realistic, meticulous, quantitative analysis of all data to go through, all with the data insist on talking. Results of the consultation to be scientific proof, does not have the slightest false.
5. The principle of what one
A wide range of investment advisory business, the difficulty vary greatly, so to carry out the scope of investment advisory business consultants according to the quantity and quality, their grasp of the information, materials, data, how much, and consulting to determine the status of network formation. Adhere to what the principle should not eat more than a perfectionist impractical.

Investment Consulting - Classification
Investment advisory classification, from the level to divide the total, can be divided into macro consulting, meso-and micro-consulting advice of three parts; object by consulting division can be divided into the government, regional or sector, enterprises and institutions of the consultation; by the form of division can be divided into written and oral advice and so on.
(A) of the different levels of classification
1. Called macro-development strategy advice or consultation. It is entrusted, research and feasibility studies in a given period and the total investment in fixed assets over the same period the state may provide financial, material and human resources are compatible: investment structure, layout, directions how to manipulate; investment guidelines, policies and major measures how to develop; investment financing channels; how to make full use of the coastal mainland and remote areas of talent, technology, resources, and so on. This consultation issues related to the sustainability of the national economy, coordinated and stable development, related to the total demand and total supply of overall balance, related to the stage of production growth and production potential. So it is not an investment advisory body to an individual to complete and require research by the relevant state departments taking the lead, the mobilization of experts composed of a large consulting team, the use of historical, recent and foreign information, data, information, and adopt modern means to complete.
2. The concept of consultation. It refers to an economic zone or a provincial development plan to the county's strategic investment consulting. Such consultation objectives, content and direction of the required consultation with the macro similarities. It is mainly focused on the region in a certain period of investment size, structure and direction for local economic development. The concept of investment advice, under the conditions of socialism in our country, first of all be familiar with the macro guiding ideology, to understand the national, regional investment in the region and the history and current status of the region's strengths and weaknesses, etc., through large amounts of data, the use of advanced scientific computing tools and methods, analysis, prediction, comparison and demonstration of the region's total investment scale, investment structure, direction, policies, fund-raising to provide optimal options for decision-making departments. The concept of investment advice, generally led by a consulting department, in conjunction with various departments in the region, the experts and practitioners to help assess the feasibility studies, consulting together to complete the task.
3. Micro-consulting. It refers to the feasibility of a project investment and construction consulting, general services for the person who commissions the following: First, the market, including products in the domestic and international sales, price trends, competitive products, and possible a new generation of products more ; second, to ascertain the resources, power supply is a collaborative piece; third, select a product program, production scale, the best technology and the corresponding equipment; fourth, environmental protection and comprehensive utilization; fifth, site selection, plant composition and regional arrangements; sixth, organization and management structure and staff training; seventh, construction period and operation time; eighth, project budget, financing, use and repayment; ninth, evaluation of investment results, including product cost , may provide the profits and taxes, and payback period, etc., but also from the global and regional economic considerations, focus on the macro-, meso-economic benefits.
(B) the classification of the organizational form of consultation
By this form of classification can be divided into:
1. Internal consulting, also known as self-counseling. By the department or unit is standing advisory bodies and expert advice for the self.
Internal consulting is characterized by:
First, confidentiality, and internal intelligence, not easy to leak confidential;
Second, convenient and flexible, free from outside influence;
Third, cost savings, obviating the need to pay consulting fees.
But there are also disadvantages, mainly prone to one-sidedness, limitations, lack of impartiality, not easily accepted by third parties.
2. External consultation. Usually employ experts outside of the unit or agency consultation. Characteristics of this type of consultation is more fair, reasonable, or as consultants commissioned between agencies and there is no fundamental and interest, so the consultation carried out by small one-sidedness, limitations, and also has a higher authority. The disadvantage is that consulting fees are usually higher.
3. Temporary commission consultation. In some cases, such as the advisory body within the unit less than consultants, or professional knowledge structure out of proportion, you can usually temporary commission of outside experts or organizations involved in consulting, organizing temporary joint advisory body, subject, once completed, an advisory body that is to dissolve itself .
(C) divided by the length of time
1. Long-term counseling. Refers to the advisory body to consult on investment projects for 3-5 years to be consecutive, or even longer, management consulting, legal advice, such advice is essentially an advisory body on enterprise long-term mentoring relationships. Return visit regularly or irregularly discussion, or send "agents" or "consultants" for long-term counseling.
2. Short-term consultancies. Is generally a one-time consultation for one month, two weeks or less, usually to solve a particular problem for the special consultation.
(D) the nature of classification by the Advisory
1. Special consultation. Means the customer needs for specific topics, or mutually agreed with the customer the topic of the consultations carried out as general project evaluation, feasibility studies; legal advice in contract disputes; engineering economy in the tender bidding; Information and the opportunity to consult in response to inquiries, and so on. General topics such simple consulting project, the content simple, easy access to information, advice the required human and material resources into fewer, shorter.
2. Comprehensive consultation. Refers to the more complex, large-scale, comprehensive in its advisory. Such as strategic consulting, policy advice often encountered departments, regional development planning, technology planning, product development plans, etc.; and medium-sized construction project feasibility study; investment management consulting business in the thesis, and so on. As the complexity of the subject, content range, the data is difficult to measure, so the need to organize experts in various fields, and even a few joint advisory bodies for consultation. Its investment in human and financial resources are more prolonged.
(E) divided by a consultative way
1. Oral advice. That is directly answered by the consultants commissioned consultants to ask questions. General content of concise information for counseling, information transfer; the existing rules, regulations, methods of introduction and general comments of the consultation. Due to the quality of consultants and agency constraints, it has great limitations, but can meet with counselors to answer questions more specific, there is room for discussion.
2. A written inquiry. Commissioned by the consultants that were based on the requirements, and afterwards written to provide information, data, information or answer questions. Generally huge, far-reaching, involving a wide range of technical and economic issues are more difficult in this way to show responsibility.

Investment Consulting - Content:
Investment Consulting, which mainly include:
1. Investment Strategy Consulting
Major consulting are: macro-scale of investment, investment direction, investment structure, investment focus, the investment environment analysis and recommendations; industries, sectors to develop long-term development planning; regional economic development strategy study; countries and annual investment plans and long-term analysis and recommendations.
2. Investment policy advice
Major consulting are: macro-control and investment policy to improve investment efficiency analysis and recommendations; current investment policy and related financial, fiscal, foreign investment policy, evaluation and recommendations; investment policy systems.
3. Investment Information
Major consulting are: the investment of social, economic and technical information available; seeking investment partners to introduce investment opportunities; customer credit counseling, special investigation and prediction.
4. Feasibility Study Consulting
Major consulting are: Investment Opportunities; market research and forecasting; evaluation of the project design and construction; technical environment, financial and economic evaluation; feasibility study report.
5. Project evaluation and consulting
Major consulting are: business and project profile review; market and scale analysis; technology and design analysis; financial projections and financial benefit analysis; economic analysis; assessment of the implementation of the establishment.
6. Investment fund raising consulting
Major consulting are: to raise domestic financing of the introduction; the introduction of foreign financing; contact the bank loans; bonds, the analysis of stock issuance and construction; Joint analysis and recommendations.
7. Engineering design and consultation
Major consulting are: the preparation of the design of the mission statement; principal-agent design; involved in the design process of products, equipment and other information provided; project takes, budget preparation and review.
8. Tendering advice
Major consulting are: preparation of tender documents; pre-tender review; construction contractors selected; design, construction, equipment, etc. the whole process of bidding. Tender the contract proposal.
9, the construction quality management consulting
Major consulting are: construction quality management consulting; building materials quality management consulting; equipment quality management consulting; exploration, design quality management consulting.
10. Investment in legal advice
Major consulting are: domestic investment legal advice; survey and design contracts signed; construction and installation contracts signed; foreign investment legal advice; International Bidding law advice; foreign investment, legal advice.
11. Project Management Consulting
Major consulting are: business strategy analysis and development; marketing management analysis and recommendations; financial cost management analysis and recommendations.

Undo edits

Human Resource Consulting-HR Consulting

Human Resource Consulting-HR Consulting-What is a human resources consulting?

Human Resource Consulting is a professional consulting organization based enterprises in the field of human resources, special needs, to provide the suitable characteristics of the target company's human resources solutions, enterprise human resources system with the corporate strategy and providing support to adapt to the role of services.

Human Resource Consulting - Content:
Human Resource Consulting main focus on staff recruitment, performance appraisal, compensation systems, training and career planning in such areas. In view of human resources is a living resource, is the survival and development of the subject, it must adhere to the "people first" guiding ideology, the human factor is the human ability into full play, the human potential fully developed, people's enthusiasm fully mobilize the first place.
Human Resource Consulting's management theory and methods related to the management, psychology, organizational behavior, systems engineering and information management and other multi-disciplinary knowledge, are highly technical management, and therefore require a higher quality consultants.

Human resources management consulting - role:
Human resources management consulting, is the focus on businesses identify and solve problems in human resource management services, in particular, that the enterprise is currently building a sound human resources management system, meaning the business is mainly reflected in three aspects: First, discovered the existence of a comprehensive corporate human resources management-related issues; second is to solve these problems, tailored, practical solutions to develop and help implement; third is to teach business managers identify and solve the problem of human resource management methods and skills, so that enterprises in the human resource management, self-hematopoietic function. Human resources management consulting ultimate goal is to make the human resource management can fully meet the business development strategy.
In addition, human resources management consulting project process can also be daily communication, and to provide relevant business training, play the following roles:
(A) management consultants by helping senior management to establish the correct business ideas, to discuss the decision-making methods, techniques, to improve their decision-making capacity; senior management by improving the ability to work and to subordinate sense and proper performance authorized techniques to enhance their employment capacity; by the enterprises to establish and improve the functions of an efficient management system, will allow senior management personnel may be too busy to escape the daily affairs, have had more time to study the long-term development strategy, which can greatly enhance their ability to use time management and efficiency.
(B) Human resources management consulting process, combined with business practice, planned for mid-level management training and guidance, to provide them with specialized knowledge, new management techniques or methods, know-how, so that they firmly establish the overall interests of the concepts, and coordinate the relationship between vertical and horizontal management, to improve their overall quality of management.
(C) through human resource management consulting, staff can be widely disseminated to all the basic principles of scientific management, knowledge and methods, generally to improve their professional level of management, collective ideas and work responsibilities.
Comprehensive human resource management consulting can identify problems, and thus provides overall coordination of the solution, which was found with the daily management problems found in different business problems that may be fragmented, and therefore the solution for the problem may not be valid. As human resources management is a systematic project, solutions for individual problems may cause the system to other aspects of the problem. For example, a real estate company in Liaoning leading engineers often complain that low wages and, therefore, increase the wages of engineers, financial officers soon the results continually complain of wages, that much lower than the engineers, the lack of enthusiasm for work, in fact, the financial staff wages than similar workers in the city 20 percent higher wages. Later, through human resources management counseling, job evaluation and adjustment of the wage system, employee dissatisfaction subsided after.
Many corporate customers, through the imitation of other great companies, the formation of a remuneration or assessment program, but the actual operation of many problems, such as private business owners have is a Harvard fan translation of textbooks is quite familiar with Harvard, and later encountered an annual salary of the book, resulting in company-wide implementation of full annual salary system, usually take only a fixed salary, (small amount), the result is very low staff enthusiasm for work, chat at work to read the newspapers, and later after the abolition of the program through consultation, general staff salary system can not inspire. Additionally, firms in different stages of development have different human resources management policies and development strategies based on business vary, such as human resources strategy, salary policy, assessment policy.
It is human resource management consulting to systems and realistic solution to the problem of human resources in different organizations, which makes those early realized that human resource management in the importance of business management, and its own human resources management system was inadequate business, and management consulting firm and timely cooperation to address the development of one of the key issues.



Strategic human resource management consulting
In modern society, human resources are the most dynamic organization of resources, how to attract talent, how to organize the existing human resources to achieve greater effectiveness in support of organizational strategic goals, every leader must be a serious consideration The problem, which is why more and more business leaders from the highest area of ​​human resources a reason. In this case, human resources personnel can no longer confined to traditional areas of work. The so-called strategic human resources, is in a strategic perspective, a strategic look at work in human resources recruitment, selection, deployment, motivation and a series of work.
Strategic human resource management consulting, mainly in the following:
(B) Consulting Consulting strategic human resource management objects the object of the customer's decision-making team. Why is the decision-making team? Because the decision-making team to pay attention to the organization's long-term sustainability of their obligation to the organization from a strategic point of view the problem, that is, strategic thinking can only come from decision-making team, rather than customers of other people. Moreover, the strategic human resource management consulting results to decision-making team must play a role in the development of the organization. Roland Berger consulting firm specializing in corporate strategy and structure changes, she said: "Whether a management consultant is willing to make a business strategy, structure and other aspects of the consultation, will ultimately become the business manager to do individual counseling."
(C) the value of consulting
Emphasis on strategic human resource management strategies that use the system, global look at human resource management systems and human resources management of specific operations, emphasis on human resource management to support organizational strategy must focus on the achievement of the goals. It results in short-term performance is not easy to measure, its value to the organization are often reflected in the future, so, consultants and customers must consult in advance the value of consensus, otherwise the project could not be. Mutual trust is the premise of the project to proceed, but also to ensure success of the project. The value of consultation in the following areas:
Provide solutions to problems, such as building human resources systems.
Leadership team in the process to promote consensus on human resources strategy. Rigorous entrepreneurs believe that the "strategy" and its strict implementation can bring success to their own rigorous planning of human resources, so agreed human resources strategy for the organization's value is great, it will be with the organization becoming more and more apparent.
High-level concepts and strategies to promote change in ways of thinking improved. Through several in-depth communication, senior leadership can change the concept, such as the understanding of performance management, from simple up to a comprehensive assessment of the PDCA management, which will guide them in many places, policies and actions, thus affecting the entire organization's work.
Create a suitable development of the organization culture. Organization is made up of people, in such a crowd, always a certain kind of form the main culture that may be suitable, it may hinder organizational development, organized by a clear vision, mission, core values, conscious of the enterprise cultural construction, in accordance with the wishes of decision-making team, the formation of a suitable development of the organization culture.
(D) the consultation process
Consulting industry commonly used method is to discuss with customers, together to find solutions to the problem.
First of all, through full communication and decision-making team, find the customer's real needs, in order to ensure that targeted.
Then, research interviews, including interviews and surveys of employees, etc., to understand the client's business, organizational status and feelings of employees, expectations.
The main decision-making process is the team with many exchanges, the consultant's professional theories, ways of thinking, consulting experience and decision-making team for their understanding and expectations of the organization combined with the ideas and methods to find a solution. As a leading consulting firm, said, "The Consulting Group does not know your business or market better than you do (consulting firm will not be more than you know your business and market)." Consulting and decision-making team's goal is the same, both parties must work together to achieve their goals. Most of the value of consultation should be submitted in the process.
Finally, the consulting firm will submit a written report (writtenreports), may be a solution to the problem: for example, the idea of ​​organizational restructuring and revised organization chart; may also be a solution to the problem, such as how to retain and motivate key employees. However, since the previous full communication and exchange of ideas between the two sides together to find solutions and identity, therefore, a written report does not contain any surprises, as Mckinsey & Company's point of view: "Typically, therefore, our written reports contain no surprise; rather, they confirm recommendations previously municated and discussed. (written report only confirmed the idea suggested previously discussed, there is no accident.) "Precisely because of this, the process of consultation is a time and measure, rather than the proposal submitted by the measure.

Career counselling

Career counselling-What is career counseling?

Career counseling include job search, employment, business guidance, quality of talent evaluation, career planning, career counseling and a series of human resources related business development consulting services.

Career Counselling - Theoretical system form
1, career counseling - basic concepts and basic knowledge
Basic concepts and basic knowledge, that is part of the basic theory. Such as "career counseling", "job readiness" and "career awareness" and so, on the social and professional significance of the principles of career counseling theory, this part easy. That part of the people understand the career counseling, and thus the basis of this work may be implemented.
2, methods of career counseling theory
Methods of career counseling theory or the theory that career counseling methodology. Career counseling is to guide those who are consultants to make up employment, further education and business goals change, or in office to continue to develop and use a variety of means, selection means of the behavior and activities. Career counseling methodology is on the means, methods and means of the doctrine or theory. And career counseling to understand and master the methodology is indeed effective and rational use of its methods are indispensable conditions.
3, the theory of career counseling theory of history.
This section can fully reflect the career counseling theory and methods of production, the formation and development process, reflecting the different relationship between theory and method. Therefore, to better grasp the basis for the use of career counseling theory, methodology and methods, must be more systematic understanding of this part.
Vocational needs of consultation from the point of view, the theoretical system can be divided into:
1, social and professional aspects of the theory
Social and professional aspects of the theory include the concept of occupation, characteristics, social division of labor and employment relations, occupational and human and social relations, social and occupational structure changes and so on.
2, the personal and individual aspects of the theory
Personal and individual aspects of the theory, is on the individual's physical condition, psychological characteristics, personal relationships and social roles and other social aspects of the discussion.
3, the theoretical aspects of career
Theoretical aspects of his career is the career preparation period from the end to the professional activities of theoretical explanations, that person's career in theory.
4, career counseling theory and counseling and education
Career counseling theory and counseling and education is the core theory, in the above theories played a leading role in several other parts are in a subordinate position.
Career counseling model
1, guidance counseling model
Importance of this model to talk about your consulting services to those who object or the history of the growth, emphasis on its diagnosis and case analysis. Throughout the consultation process, the consultants also note that those who talk about the cooperation with, note that according to the needs of clients to provide information and assistance. When necessary, they object to make recommendations to the service directly. Williamson (E · G · WiUiamson) is an important representative of the school. Through long practice, he career counseling process is divided into six steps:
The first analysis. By subjective and objective methods, collection and analysis consulting services of attitude, interests, family background, education and aptitude, etc.
2 is a comprehensive. The use of case study method to organize, summarize the information obtained, highlighting the main features of consulting clients.
Third diagnosis. Consulting services to the personal circumstances of an object compared with the occupational factors, identify problems.
Fourth is expected. The diagnosis as the basis for forecasting, consulting to help clients select the action or adjust career plans.
Fifth consultations. Consulting clients to answer questions about various issues, to help them understand themselves, understand the job and career criteria to clients how to achieve their goals, to discuss together.
Sixth, repeat. When new problems arise, repeat the above five steps.
2, to talk about those center consulting model
The consulting model assumptions are: consulting services to talk about the object or if we can get the greatest psychological satisfaction, they can solve their own job search and other problems encountered, the problem will not bring all consultants here . Therefore, this school of consultants with particular emphasis in the consultation process both the mutual understanding, mutual acceptance, requires the formation of - kind of harmonious relations atmosphere. They also believe that the initiative to provide career counseling clients do not need the information. Thus during the career counseling should be guided by the following principles: First, only active objects consulting services upon request, only to provide them with career information. Second, the consultant can not use the information to manipulate and influence career counseling clients to make decisions, but they should be encouraged from a variety of publications, employers, workers in the industry, get career information in order to increase their sense of responsibility and their creative spirit. Third, in the consultation process, which allows an object to express the consulting services of a professional's experience, and for these feelings to "therapeutic" enlighten. In general, this mode of attention is to talk about consulting or visitors at the emotions, the issues raised at that time, do not attach importance to the understanding of other relevant circumstances, do not attach importance to diagnosis and specific recommendations. Thus, the model is limited to this consultation, the consultation process is not a certain procedure, it will be a simple conversation between the parties to discuss the process.
3, psychodynamic consulting model
This model of psychoanalytic theory, focused on analysis of the psychological motivations, needs and desires of potential career, emphasizing consulting services consultants to find out the root of the object to make decisions that they are based on Which will lead to intrinsic motivation to make a decision , not just analysis of the general interest, attitudes and other factors. After finding this to be the underlying causes, and then a variety of means testing and diagnosis, to understand their various quality characteristics. Requires a high degree of individual and professional in the same context, the object should be consulted on the choice of career services.
4, development consulting model
This model calls for consultants based on counseling clients in the past and present performance, and their performance will mean that from a development perspective forecast future clients what action can be taken to the job search and so on. The school believes that both the rational person, there are emotional. Consultants for consulting services to clients, these two aspects of performance opportunities. For example, you can ask them, "I think what type of person he is," "I own this type of people how I see", "I like to be what type of person," "my values ​​and what is needed." , "meet my values, needs, interests, etc. What is the way out" of the type of problems. Let them answer these questions. And so its full performance, the fishes and help guide them.
5, behavioral counseling model
This mode counseling clients value the response sensitivity, learning psychology, focusing on analysis of their responses to the environment, in order to determine their intentions and strengths. Then is to understand and analyze the behavior of objects weakness of consulting services. Then advise them on how to avoid weaknesses in behavior, but also to learn what knowledge, skills and other things, and guide clients to solve their own job search and other problems encountered in the process to help them to achieve their career goals.
6, eclectic consulting model
In the implementation of the career counseling process model to be adopted, which means the use of the method, this school advocates eclectic. That should be based on specific circumstances, to take the strengths of the parties, so that career counseling to produce better results. Therefore, the school claims consultant with clients in addition to establishing a good working relationship, talk about who should be allowed to explore their own, evaluate their own problems, etc., should also be given to other aspects of the help and guidance. To accomplish all this, many consulting clients to understand, diagnose, predict and recommendations, are indispensable.

Career counseling - results
Career counseling, career planning division of the effect depends on the talent assessment techniques and career planning experience. This two can be neglected, the former is the means and basis for the purpose of the former and the latter is the result. Competent career counselor must not only master the technical evaluation of scientific and efficient personnel, but also has extensive experience in comprehensive career planning, or you fail to make the consultation on the consultative customer satisfaction results. Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth, but also inspection personnel, technology, science and the only criterion.


Measure the success of the standard career counseling
1, the evaluation of the correct place. This is the foundation. Appreciating good can only help. Consultants must be accurately measured quasi-consultative customer picture quality talent, especially in special consultative customer talents and quality of the structure, not generalities and ambiguous cut, fierce heard clearly and logically exhaustive, thin air who can consider general sets. But must be the exact words in specific words, so that consultative customer really has "a parent with me, I know who Mr." a sense of respect and admiration, convinced of course willing to hear advice.
2, superb planning and practical. This is the core. Faced with a social reality, different people have different natural roles and career planning, this is the real facts. Consultation by the consultants for the design proposals must be based on each other's strengths and weaknesses of the main advantages of the lack of dialectical Research, the face of current social needs and development trends, planning the most appropriate to their development of business areas, their roles and procedures initiatives so that customers are indeed counseling tailored for him, full of interest, are confident and determined to do successfully. But not extravagant castles in the air, it sounds like a mass of happy, done nothing, or skeptical, wasted money.
3, tracking feedback is good. This is a benefit. Consultative customer - consultant - social, career counseling, as the three elements, its effectiveness is closely related to, win the whole win, you lose all lose. The more consultative customer received good effect, human resources and social development be promoted more as a consultant for the middle part of the positive regulatory role of the more conspicuous. Therefore, career counseling must be responsible in the end of the tracking service and timely feedback to form a "consulting - practice - feedback - further consultation - practice - and then feedback" a good mechanism. On the one hand, consultants are not gods, on the social situation and consultative customer experience can foresee the future, so career planning is not a panacea, but the situation must be adjusted with changes in conditions. On the other hand, the level of consultant is constantly improving through practice and training, consulting division of effort is also increasingly sophisticated sound more predictable. Career planning in ancient China a classic example - Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang as designed "Longzhong" to prove this point, but in practice many of today's consultants in the recount also illustrates this point.

Roland Berger Strategy Consultants

Roland Berger Strategy Consultants-About Roland Berger Strategy Consultants:

Roland Berger Strategy Consultants - Overview

Roland Berger Strategy Consultants in Germany since its inception in 1967, has become the world's largest from Europe's strategic management consulting firm. At present, the international management consulting firm Roland Berger in Europe, Asia, North and South America in 25 countries with 36 branches, consultants from nearly 40 countries, forming a trade center and the center of each function supported by the power of transnational services .

Roland Berger Strategy Consultants - History:

1967: Independent Business

In 1967, Mr. Roland Berger in Munich to establish his own company - "an international marketing consulting company Roland Berger," was his only one support staff person. Once, for a travel company called Touropa solve marketing problems, he lucky enough to get a big project - help Touropa, Scharnow, Hummel, Dr.Tigges four companies merged to create tourism giant TUI aircraft carrier group, which Roland Berger is the first company set up after the important business. Since then, a number of important projects coming up, including the printing of a product development company Hoechst vertical market strategy, as well as a big German bank's financial advisory business to provide innovative marketing ideas. The size of the company's business doubled every year, just three years after 1970, corporate advisory business revenue reached 5.6 million German marks. By 1973, Roland Berger Strategy Consultants has developed into Germany's third largest consulting firm.

At the same time, the company's organization is rapidly changing from a company when it was launched into a personal partnership that provides services from marketing strategy to a broader area, the formation of a variety of consulting services portfolio. Since the beginning of the creation, the concept of the company with an international focus, the mid-1970s, the company in Milan, Paris, London, New York and Sao Paulo and other established offices. In addition, they establish a holding company within the executive search services and other business groups.

After a decade of growth, Roland Berger's staff has more than 100 people, the annual income of nearly 20 million consulting business German mark. Home in Germany to establish a number of branches, while continuing the international journey: In 1977, with Britain, France, Italy, Rui, Holland and other countries formed an international consulting business alliance TIG; 1979 years, with Japan's largest consulting one of "Japan" manage the establishment of joint ventures. In 1980, Roland Berger has been America's oldest and prestigious Association of ACME to attract outstanding advice for members and become the first European business association.

Roland Berger Strategy Consultants since 1980: development of a leading international business strategy consulting firm
In the mid-1980s, an international management consulting firm Roland Berger more than half of its business from strategic consulting services. From the mid-1980s, it quickly developed into a wide range of top management consulting services company, and have been in Sao Paulo, Barcelona, ​​Madrid, Tokyo, Vienna, Lisbon, Paris and Buenos Aires and other places set up branches institutions. In the 1990s, expanded to nearly 500 employees, annual consulting revenues reached 175 million German marks (1990), 28% of income from foreign operations.
With the end of the era Iron Curtain in Europe, the company in the early 1990s the business expanded into Central and Eastern Europe, in Moscow, Prague, opened an office in Bucharest. Following this, the company has worked in Brussels, Shanghai, Zurich and Budapest to open new offices. Although the early years to open an office in New York, but in 1987 the Deutsche Bank acquisition of Roland Berger Strategy Consultants, and its expansion in the U.S. market to some extent by the terms of the limited bank holding company in the U.S. market was with local partners, mainly through a strategic partnership approach to start. Until 1998, Roland Berger conducted a management buy the company, Roland Berger and his partners to buy back shares from Deutsche Bank, the company once again become a full partner in all the independent companies in the United States business was able to eliminate the barriers. In the same year, the Detroit office set up a new office in New York and San Francisco offices were also opened in 1999 and 2001.
In December 2002, Roland Berger Strategy Consultants partner elected a new management, on July 1, 2003 to assume office. Dr. Roland Berger, founder of the company into the company Advisory Board. To meet the company's rapid international expansion requirements, non-German partner to enter the top management. Burkhard Mr. Wan Ke Shi was appointed as the new head of the Executive Committee, Mr. Anthony Bonner executive responsible for many people. After long and careful preparation, a new generation of management to successfully take over the baton of Roland Berger.
In October 2004, Roland Berger was expanded to the top management, Mr. Dirk Reiter joined the company, Mr. cultural 森特麦西尔 Executive Committee. Burkhard Mr. Wan Ke Shi was elected as Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Anthony Bonner and more continue to serve as executive head. Expand the power of top management for the international expansion of our business to provide more effective support. In December 2006, the original partner of the Executive Committee re-elected successor.
A success story from Europe
Today, Roland Berger Strategy Consultants has become a partner by the 130 shared by an independent advisory body. As a cutting-edge international business strategy consulting firm, ranked in the European market in the top three consulting firms, and strategic consulting in the global market among the top ten. When individuals engaged in business marketing consulting company now has 15 world has become a competence center for the diversification of customer needs customized solutions for multinational companies.
Outside of the regular consulting business, Roland Berger Strategy Consultants is also in research and development to establish a solid reputation for its research widely involved in today's world of business and management topics. In 1998, the company established a "strategic consulting firm Roland Berger Academic Network", there are 15 institutions of higher learning to become a member, allows the company to continue to communicate with the academic elite of theoretical and practical knowledge. In addition, Roland Berger has also sponsored and supported a number of university academic committee, and in which the office of Chairman. The company's academic research - "Roland Berger Strategy Consultants Paper Series Academic Network" and "European Management Paper Series" and other popular attention.



Roland Berger Strategy Consultants - About the founder
Professor Roland Berger, 66 years old, is headquartered in Munich, Roland Berger Strategy Consultants company's supervisory board chairman. Roland Berger in Munich and Hamburg in Germany and studying to obtain degrees in Business Administration, University of Munich.
Mr. Roland Berger in 1967 founded his own company. Today, Roland Berger Strategy Consultants has become the world's leading strategy consulting firm, one of 23 countries in the world with 33 offices. In 2003, consulting fee income of $ 600 million, has 1,685 employees worldwide, including 1,200 consultants.
Mr. Roland Berger in 1971 to 1972 served as the Technical University of Munich, Department of marketing and advertising lecturer since 1996 in Germany as the Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus in Business Administration and Management Consulting Department of guest lecturers, Since 2000 the school became an honorary professor. He is the Technical University of Munich and the Munich Academy of Music and Drama school board members. In addition, he was the University of Munich Economic Research Association Board members, Ai Erfu large school board members, as well as the best European business schools - Insead Fontainebleau INSEAD Board of Directors.
Mr. Roland Berger is located in Bavaria and Thuringia in the Republic of Finland's Honorary Consul-General.
Mr. Roland Berger Consulting Association and is one of many members of the group. Industry professionals as a consultant, he was elected U.S. management consulting firm Association (AMCF) Vice President, European Association of Management Consulting (FEACO) president, and the Association of German Management Consultants (BDU) president.
Mr. Roland Berger Germany's political leaders have a close relationship, German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder had been nominated for the "hostile takeover of the Federal Committee of Experts on the issue," a member of the Federal banking agencies and the reform of the German members of the Group. He was also the former German Federal President Roman - Herzog nomination for president, "Innovation Advisory Board" member. He is the "Manchester Man Bavaria and North Rhine Westphalia State Revenue Reform Commission, the civil service," Chairman and "Bavaria and Saxony future issues committee" members. Mr. Roland Berger was also nominated for "more streamlined federal government's Economic Advisory Committee" and "Pension System Development Committee". He was in Baden - Wuerttemberg governor Irwin Toy Havre elected as the "Baden - Württemberg Innovation Forum" members, was elected as the Schroeder government "long-term health of the German Social Security System Committee "(Rürup-Commission) members.
In December 2000, the U.S., Mr. Roland Berger Management Consulting Alliance (AMCF) issued by Carl Sloan Management Consulting Excellence Award (Carl S. Sloane Excellence).

International Monetary and Financial Law

International Monetary and Financial Law:

International Monetary and Financial Law - the concept of
International monetary and financial law is to adjust the international monetary and financial relations between the international norms and domestic norms in general; in the content, the international monetary and financial law related to the international monetary system, international cross-border capital flows, cross-border business activities of financial institutions control on foreign exchange Exchange and trading on a variety of international financial assets and other aspects of derivatives transactions the legal system. International monetary and financial law is an important component of international economic law, the traditional international trade and international investment law regime. In the modern international economic relations, left the international monetary and financial order formed by law, all kinds of international economic activity will be difficult to proceed smoothly; the same time, a State law applicable to international monetary and financial system, to a large extent they determine the States to participate in international economic activity and efficiency of the way.
International monetary and financial relations with the development of international trade and developed, initially as the relationship between the different national currency exchange relationship. After the 15th century, the Mediterranean region has gradually become the World Trade Center, along with the emergence of cross-border credit relations. New World's discovery and the new channel opened, along with the European powers in foreign economic, political and cultural expansion of the process, Europe's banks set up branches in other countries step by step, to establish a world-wide banking network. Meet the needs of the financial industry, a lot of the restructuring of international monetary and financial relations, legal norms have come into being.
Early restructuring of the international monetary and financial relations, legal norms are mainly national laws. From the 17th to the 19th century, Britain, France, Germany and other countries have enacted a number of financial regulations, the international currency exchange, payment and credit relationship ties made a clear and detailed provisions have effectively promoted the development of the international financial . In particular, the development of the UK financial law on international financial relations and the development of International Financial Law has a great role in promoting.
Worldwide development of the international monetary and financial regulations began after World War II Bretton Woods Conference, which established the International Monetary Fund as the core of the global monetary and financial legal system, for the first time on the international currency exchange, international lending and international guarantees made effective international arrangements. Since then, the international monetary and financial inter-regional agreements, multilateral and bilateral international monetary and financial agreements have a lot to form a rich and varied content of international monetary and financial law system.
Strictly speaking, the international monetary and financial law, including international monetary law and international financial law two are different but closely linked nature of the legal department. International Monetary Law refers to the adjustment between countries due to international currency management activities arising from international norms of international monetary relations and domestic norms, it is required on international currency exchange, liquidity and exchange rate rule of law. It constitutes a country's international monetary and financial system is based on the typical nature of public law. International financial law refers to the adjustment between different countries due to civil entities arising from cross-border financial transactions in international financial relations with international norms and domestic norms, it is required on international trade finance, international loan financing, international bond financing, international equity financing, financial leasing and other financial transactions, international rule of law. Although the law in different countries, such legal systems often control laws may contain certain content, but it is essentially a private law character.
International Monetary between law and International Financial Law intrinsically linked. Briefly, the International Monetary law constitutes the basis of international financial law, financial law and international law that the purpose of international monetary transactions and want to regulate content. International monetary and financial law from the perspective of the development on the one hand, a country's international financial legal system is in fact based on the method used in the international monetary system based on the law in different countries of the international monetary system, its international payments and international financial transactions will have different meanings and characteristics of the International Financial Law will also have different properties and content; the other hand, a State law adopted by the international monetary system and to serve its international financial law system, the International Monetary reflects the legal system or payment system, its international trade requirements, or reflect the requirements of the international financial trading system, or integrated trade reflects its recurrent and capital account transactions to pay the common system requirements. It should be said, the international monetary law and International Financial Law reflects the coordinated development of the international monetary and financial close contact of the objective characteristics.

International Monetary and Financial Law - features:
Legal departments and other relevant comparison, the international monetary and financial law has the following basic features:
1 international.International monetary and financial law to adjust the international monetary and financial relations, that is, the international monetary and financial relations between the main subject of the transaction or transactions will be contained in the cross-border factors. Modern foreign countries used monetary and financial systems to varying degrees by the international monetary order and commonly accepted norms of international constraints, which in fact exist in the international foreign countries in coordination between monetary and financial system issues, which distinguishes it from general domestic legal systems; In addition, international financial practice, a considerable part of international agreements and international practice for parties to cross-border financial transactions has also directly applicable significance.

2 foundation.International Monetary and Financial Law only adjust management activities by the International Monetary and international financial transactions arising directly out of the international monetary relations and international financial relations, which is directed against the international currency exchange, mobile and international financial transactions and other acts of international legal rules rather than adjust international monetary and financial activity behind the international trade relations and investment relations, it is actually a country's international trade law and international investment law has a fundamental role, which makes the traditional international trade and international investment wears difference.

3 practical.International monetary and financial law on foreign currency management activities and the rules of cross-border financial transactions, both in content and function with practical and technical characteristics, it is actually only a country's international trade policy and established international investment and financing policy provides the legal framework and legal instruments, and its role is to protect the safety of international economic activity and efficiency. In recent decades international economic activities, international financial practices in the existing international monetary and financial law and order has been under rapid development, international finance law has become an important area of ​​innovation after another, in practice many will be formed according to their use financial and legal structure known as the "financial instruments."

Legal relations with the international monetary and financial sources of law:

(A) the relationship between the international monetary and financial lawInternational monetary and financial relations after the adjustment of international monetary and financial law becomes the law of international monetary and financial relations, the international monetary and financial legal relations can be classified from different angles. To participate in the main body of the standard can be divided into: state formed between the international monetary and financial legal relations; countries and economic organizations (including international financial institutions) and individuals to form the international monetary and financial legal relations; different countries between economic organizations and individuals form of international monetary and financial legal relations. International monetary and financial legal relations by the content can be divided into: International Monetary legal relations; international lending legal relations; international settlement of legal relations; international financial markets, legal relations; international financial organizations and other legal relations.

(B) the sources of international monetary and financial lawInternational monetary and financial sources of law is the law to the international monetary and financial performance of the form. From the current practice, the international monetary and financial law, including the following three main sources, of which the first two for the international monetary and financial law, international origin, the latter for its domestic roots.
1 international treaties and agreements.
International treaties and agreements of international monetary and financial law is an important source. At present, the international monetary and financial relations between the adjustment of treaties and agreements, including "the International Monetary Fund Agreement", "World Bank Agreement", "Reconstruction and Development Agreement", "Asian Development Bank Agreement," 1930 "bills of exchange promissory notes uniform Convention on the Law, "1931" Convention on the Law unified the check, "etc., in which" the International Monetary Fund Agreement "in the international monetary system of law has an important position, is considered to maintain the post-war international economic order, one of three pillars. In addition to these international treaties and agreements, by the International Monetary Fund, World Bank and other international financial institutions to develop some of the rules, resolutions or normative documents are also considered international monetary and financial law, international sources, they tend to the relevant international treaties and agreement with the interpretation of meaning. Of course, the international monetary and financial law, international treaties and agreements still to be developed, most of them only play a coordinating and guiding the foreign members of the role of monetary and financial system, only a few members of the international treaties and international financial relations of the parties directly applied significance.
2 international practice.
International practice in the long-term international financial exchanges in the formation of a stable, common practice, especially by international governmental and non-governmental organizations to develop the general rule. International practice only agree with the international practice of the parties directly legally binding, it is the international monetary and financial law, the main source. From international finance practice, regulation of international rules of conduct financial transactions is a major international financial practices, its role is extremely important. Current international generally accepted to be the major international financial practices including the International Chamber of Commerce, "Uniform Rules for Collections" and by the World Bank "Loan Agreement and the Guarantee Law" general contract practices in international lending by IDA "General Development Credit Agreement" general practice of international credit, international financing practice the principle of autonomy in accordance with generally accepted common international terms of loan agreements, major international financial markets has been widely used in market rules, and so on. It should be said, in the current international financial practices applicable in national law by the universally recognized principle of autonomy has an important role. In theory, international finance practice in the common international practice is actually based on the principle of autonomy to the specific terms of the contract to be confirmed; from a practical point of view, international finance and cross-border supply and demand characteristics are often decided to accept Such practice is essentially a prerequisite to achieve international financing, which makes the practice of international financial law has a complex nature and the nature of the contract.
3 domestic law.
Apart from the above countries on international monetary and financial domestic law of the international monetary and financial law, the main source, especially developing countries, international financial center where the relevant legislation in the areas of international finance especially. Such as the United Kingdom and the United States domestic law to international financial law is important. Because of the international monetary management is essentially an act of state, the principle of national sovereignty-based foreign currency for the legal regulation of relations between the domestic law of the form and are forced to take the form of law, the international monetary treaties only with member governments to coordinate and constraint; and international is a transnational financial activities of financial transactions, for the legal regulation of international financial relations involving the parties must first apply national law in the relevant international agreements or international conventions applicable to the relevant countries should take into account the restrictive system of domestic law . Countries on international monetary and financial laws generally include domestic and cross-border flow of foreign currency exchange system, exchange rate, fiscal and monetary policy, foreign currency on financial institutions and regulatory system, foreign exchange and gold on the international trading system, international credit finance law, International Securities Finance law, foreign financial assets on derivatives of the legal system and so on. Among them, the most developed countries to take civil and commercial legal systems such form or forms of market-oriented rules, and financial activities of domestic and international financial activities are not for the nature of other provisions. In many developing countries, not only for foreign exchange circulation system, control laws take the form of exchange rate regime, but also for international trade finance system, the international financial system and credit system of international securities financing also take the form of control law, the relevant rules of Civil and Commercial Law less development, and often the international monetary and financial aspects of the law is different from the domestic legal system to take the form of a special law.
In addition, common law countries for foreign financial relations of the case, the Court's case law constitutes a source of international financial law.